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| Short | Long | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ACE | Advanced Composition Explorer | Solar and space exploration spacecraft located at the Sun-Earth L1 point. Was the primary source of real time space weather data until DSCOVR took over in 2016. |
| AIA | Atmospheric Imaging Assembly | Instrument on the SDO spacecraft. Provides continuous full-disk observations of the solar chromosphere and corona in seven extreme ultraviolet channels. |
| AR | Active Region | Groups of sunspots indicated with a number. Also known as a sunspot region. |
| BBSO | Big Bear Solar Observatory | Solar observatory located in the USA that has telescopes and instruments specifically used for studying the activities and phenomena of the Sun. |
| CH | Coronal hole | Area on the Sun where magnetic field lines arch away from the Sun. This enables the solar wind to escape at a high speed and cause dark holes in the corona as seen on solar images. |
| CIR | Co-rotating Interaction Region | Term for the compressed boundary between the fast and slow solar wind in a high speed solar wind stream from persistent coronal holes over multiple solar rotations. |
| CME | Coronal mass ejection | Large cloud of solar plasma released into space due to an event on the Sun. |
| DSCOVR | Deep Space Climate Observatory | An earth observation and space weather spacecraft operated by NOAA located at the Sun-Earth L1 point. It is the primary source of real time solar wind and IMF data. |
| DSF | Disappearing Solar Filament | The disappearance of a solar filament channel often due to a collapse or eruption. |
| Dst | Disturbance storm time index | Indicates the strength of the ring current around Earth caused by solar protons and electrons. A negative Dst value means that Earth's magnetic field is weakened. Values of -50nT and lower are generally considered as geomagnetic storm conditions. |
| EIT | Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope | Instrument on the SOHO spacecraft. Provides solar imagery in four different wavelengths. |
| EPAM | Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor | Instrument on the ACE spacecraft. Measures a broad range of energetic particles. |
| ESA | European Space Agency | European organization dedicated to the exploration of space. |
| EUV | Extreme ultraviolet | Electromagnetic radiation spanning from 124 nanometre down to 10 nanometre in the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| EVE | Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment | Instrument package on the SDO spacecraft. |
| GFZ | GeoForschungsZentrum | GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience is the national research center for Earth Sciences in Germany. |
| GOES | Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite | Series of satellites in a geostationary orbit around Earth. |
| HSC | Heliospheric Current Sheet | Boundary where the polarity of the Sun's magnetic field changes from north to south. It's shape can be compared to a ballerina's skirt. |
| HF | High Frequency | Term used to describe radio waves with a wavelength between 3 and 30 MHz. |
| HMI | Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager | Instrument on the SDO spacecraft. |
| HSS | High Speed Stream | Stream of solar wind at a higher than average speed. Often used to define solar wind coming from a coronal hole. |
| IMF | Interplanetary Magnetic Field | Solar magnetic field carried by the solar wind among the planets of the Solar System. |
| IRIS | Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph | NASA solar observation spacecraft. |
| L1 | Lagrangian point 1 | Point in space between two celestial objects where the gravitational pull from the two objects is equal. Several space weather related satellites orbit the Sun-Earth L1 point. |
| LASCO | Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph | Instrument on the SOHO spacecraft used to detect and study coronal mass ejections. |
| LMSAL | Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory | Part of Lockheed Martin which design, build, and operate solar and astrophysical observing instruments. |
| MDI | Michelson Doppler Imager | Instrument on the SOHO spacecraft. It is no longer in use. |
| MLSO | Mauna Loa Solar Observatory | A solar observatory located on the island of Hawaii in the United States of America. |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | American agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | American scientific agency. The SWPC Forecast Center is jointly operated by NOAA and the USAF. |
| nT | nanoTesla | A unit of measurement of the strength of a magnetic field often used in space weather. |
| PFU | Particle flux unit | A unit of flux intensity. Number of particles registered per second, per square centimeter and per steradian. |
| PlasMag | Plasma Magnetometer Solar Weather Instrument | Three instruments on the DSCOVR spacecraft which measures the solar wind for space weather predictions. |
| PROBA2 | PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy 2 | ESA spacecraft that has two scientific instruments to observe the Sun. |
| SC | Solar Cycle | Approximate 11-year period of change in the Sun's activity where the polarity of the Sun's large-scale magnetic field flips. |
| SDO | Solar Dynamics Observatory | Solar observation spacecraft operated by NASA in a geosynchronous orbit around Earth. |
| SI | Sudden Impulse | A sudden impulse occurs when a coronal mass ejection from the Sun collides with Earth’s magnetosphere. This causes the ring current and the horizontal component of the magnetic field to increase. This increase appears as a sudden spike on terrestrial magnetometers. |
| SIDC | Solar Influences Data Analysis Center | European space weather services provider based in Belgium. |
| SIR | Stream Interaction Region | Term for the compressed boundary between the fast and slow solar wind in a high speed solar wind stream. |
| SOHO | Solar and Heliospheric Observatory | Solar observation spacecraft at the Sun-Earth L1 point. |
| SPE | Solar proton event | Also known as a proton storm. If the intensity of protons having an energy of at least 10 MeV is at least 10 pfu at geosynchronous altitudes, then it is categorized as a SPE. |
| SSBC | Solar Sector Boundary Crossing | Crossing of the Heliospheric Current Sheet resulting in a change in the orientation of the magnetic field of the solar wind. |
| SSC | Storm Sudden Commencement | An abrupt change in the northward (X) component of the geomagnetic field. It marks the beginning of a geomagnetic storm. |
| SSN | Smoothed Sunspot Number | Averaged sunspot number over a specific period. |
| STA | STEREO Ahead | Solar observation spacecraft operated by NASA in an orbit around the Sun. It orbits slightly faster around the Sun than Earth does. |
| STB | STEREO Behind | Solar observation spacecraft operated by NASA in an orbit around the Sun. It orbits slightly slower around the Sun than Earth does. |
| SUVI | Solar Ultraviolet Imager | Instrument on the GOES-16 satellite. This instrument observes the Sun in six different wavelengths in extreme ultraviolet. |
| SWPC | Space Weather Prediction Center | Service center that continually monitors and forecasts Earth's space environment. It is the official source of space weather alerts and warnings for the United States. |
| USAF | United States Air Force | Service branch of the United States Armed Forces. The SWPC Forecast Center is jointly operated by NOAA and the USAF. |
| UTC | Coordinated Universal Time | Primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. |
| VHF | Very High Frequency | Term used to describe radio waves with a wavelength between 30 and 300 MHz. |
| VLF | Very Low Frequency | Term used to describe radio waves with a wavelength between 3 and 30 kHz. |
| XRS | Solar X-ray Sensor | Instrument on the GOES satellites used to measure X-ray output of the Sun. |
| Å | Ångström | Commonly used unit of length for wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. 1 Ångström equals 10-10 metres, 0.1 nanometres or 100 picometres. |
Viimane uudis
pühapäev, 8 detsember 2024
X2.2 solar flare, SDO outage
neljapäev, 21 november 2024
Major far side eruption, S1 radiation storm
esmaspäev, 11 november 2024
Coronal hole faces Earth
Viimane foorumi postitus
AR 13932 13Power transmission for all of us. And why I believe we are better prepared than ever for major solar events 11Strong far side CME 335Incoming & Unnumbered Active Regions 1353Unspecified geomagnetic activity 1750
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